He aha kahikaohi nui 

Ua māhele ʻia nā Supercapacitors i nā capacitors papa uila pālua a me nā pseudocapacitors mai ka mīkini mālama ikehu. He ʻano hou ia o ka mea mālama ikehu, nona nā ʻano o ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ka manawa hoʻouka pōkole, ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi, nā ʻano mahana maikaʻi, ka mālama ikehu a me ka palekana kaiapuni ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He ʻano like ʻole nā ​​Supercapacitors.

Hiki i nā supercapacitors ke lilo i mau pila

Hiki i nā Supercapacitors ke pani i nā pila, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kuhikuhi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO nā Supercapacitors, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mau capacitors papa pālua, nā capacitors electrochemical, nā capacitors gula, a me nā capacitors Farrah, mālama i ka ikehu ma o ka polarizing electrolytes. He mea electrochemical ia, akā i loko o kāna kaʻina hana mālama ikehu ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hopena kemika, hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia kēia kaʻina hana mālama ikehu, akā no ka mea hiki ke hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia supercapacitor i nā haneli kaukani manawa. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā Supercapacitors he ʻelua mau papa electrode porous non-reactive i kau ʻia i loko o ka electrolyte, i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma ka papa, huki ka papa maikaʻi i nā ion maikaʻi ʻole i loko o ka electrolyte, huki ka papa maikaʻi ʻole i nā ion maikaʻi, ʻoiai ke hana nei i ʻelua mau papa mālama capacitive, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ion maikaʻi kokoke i ka papa maikaʻi ʻole, a kokoke nā ion maikaʻi ʻole i ka papa maikaʻi.

ʻO Supercapacitor kahi ʻano capacitor hou e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo papa pālua interfacial i hāpai ʻia e ka physicist Kelemania ʻo Helmholtz. E like me kā mākou e ʻike nei, ʻo ka ʻili o ka electrode metala i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hopena electrolyte e ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka ʻili wai me nā hōʻailona kū'ē o ka uku keu, i hiki ai ke hoʻopuka ʻia ka ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o nā pae. A laila, inā hoʻokomo ʻia ʻelua mau electrodes i loko o ka electrolyte i ka manawa like, a ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi voltage ma lalo o ka voltage decomposition o ka hopena electrolyte ma waena o lākou, a laila e neʻe wikiwiki nā ions maikaʻi a me nā ions maikaʻi ʻole i loko o ka electrolyte i nā pou ma lalo o ka hana o ke kahua uila, a hana i kahi papa uku paʻa ma ka ʻili o nā electrodes luna ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi papa uila pālua.

ʻO ka papa uila pālua i hoʻokumu ʻia e ia ua like ia me ka uku polarized i hana ʻia e ka dielectric i loko o ka capacitor kuʻuna ma lalo o ka hana o ke kahua uila, e hopena ana i ka hopena capacitance. Ua like ka papa uila pālua paʻa me ka capacitor pālahalaha, akā no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao o ka papa uku paʻa ma mua o ka mamao ma waena o nā papa uku o ka capacitor maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mana ma mua o ka capacitor maʻamau.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kū'ē kūloko o ka capacitor papa pālua ma mua o ka capacitor electrolytic alumini, no laila hiki ke hoʻopiʻi pololei ʻia me ka ʻole o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ukana. Inā he uku overvoltage, e wehe ka capacitor papa pālua i ke kaapuni me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka hāmeʻa, he ʻokoʻa ia mai ka haki ʻana o ka overvoltage o ka capacitor electrolytic alumini. I ka manawa like, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pākahiko rechargeable, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka capacitor papa uila pālua me ka ʻole o ka palena, a hiki i ka helu o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ke hiki aku ma mua o 10^6 mau manawa, no laila ʻaʻole wale ka capacitor papa uila pālua i nā ʻano o ka capacitor, akā loaʻa pū kekahi nā ʻano o ka pākahiko, a he ʻāpana kūikawā hou ia ma waena o ka pākahiko a me ka capacitor.